Quantum-safe readiness at scale: migrating after NIST’s PQC standards

Executive summary In August 2024, NIST completed its initial set of standards for post-quantum cryptography. The completed standards include FIPS 203 (ML-KEM) for key establishment, and FIPS 204 (ML-DSA) and FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA) for digital signatures. According to NIST, the standards are “available for use now; they can no longer wait,” and institutions ought to…

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